@UlrichM
Ausserdem kommt der jüdischen Kultur in seinen Tagen allenfalls eine provinzielle Bedeutung in der römschen Welt zu - sprich gar keine!
Das habe ich früher auch gedacht, bis ich mich mit der Geschichtsschreibung aus jüdischer Sicht eingehender befasste.
Es ist zweifelsfrei Fakt, dass nur Juden durchweg seit der Antike lesen und schreiben konnten. Daher waren Sie auch im Mittelalter und in der Neuzeit Ärzte, Astronomen, Bankiers und oftmals Haushistoriker der herrschenden Schicht. Unabhängig davon, dass diese christlich war.
Hier als Beispiel ein Crash-Kurs in jüdischer Geschichte zur Römerzeit:
"Mass Conversion in the Roman World
The turbulence in the Jewish world at the time of the rise of Herod paralleled in many ways the turbulence in the Roman world. As people in the Jewish world turned more and more to the world of the spirit, the Roman world, too, experienced a type of soul searching that, first, manifested as disillusionment with paganism, and, then a wide-spread interest in Judaism.
The Jewish population in the world at the beginning of the reign of Herod was approximately four to six million. A century later, after the destruction of the Temple, there were almost ten million Jews, representing an enormous increase.[2] The reason was not simply related to an increased birth rate, but that hundreds of thousands – if not millions – converted to Judaism. It was a time of mass conversion in the Roman world.
Roman historians wrote that approximately one out of every ten people in the Roman Empire was Jewish. Today, Jews are about an eighth of one percent of the world population. One can imagine the influence Jews had when they were ten percent.
The main reason is simple: Roman paganism began to break down. It was a victim of its own success. The Romans had developed their own culture with their own provincial ways. As their empire expanded they came into contact with a great and wide world. Suddenly, belief in all of their superstitions and fairy tales began to seem petty and empty. People who were enlightened enough to impose the Pax Romana (“Roman Peace”) on the world suddenly found it very hard to swallow their own religion.
The Jews held almost a fatal attraction for the Romans. Much of the Roman upper class converted to Judaism. If the Jews would have waived the requirement of circumcision who knows how many Romans would have become Jewish. Later, Paul — one of the leaders of early Christianity — would capitalize on that to win adherents to his new religion. In effect, Paul told them that they could have all the benefits of Judaism without any of the pain and liability.
The Talmud discusses how non-Jews came to Hillel seeking conversion with outlandish conditions. Nevertheless, Hillel found ways of convincing them to convert. That does not mean he converted people at random or without requirements. But, it demonstrates how it was a time of mass conversion.
Even more remarkable is that it happened despite the fact that Judaism is not a proselytizing religion; it does not go out and look for non-Jews to become Jewish. Nevertheless, this was an exceptional period that lasted 100 to 150 years in which the Jewish population perhaps doubled. That was mainly because of converts.
Many Jewish commentators attribute it to the fact that Hillel himself had been a student of converts (Shamaya and Avtalyon) and was thus partial to converts. Hillel’s support of his teachers – his constant quoting of them and attributing his knowledge to them – strengthened this movement of converts throughout the Jewish people.
In either event, this infusion of outside blood in such a relatively short period of time remains one of the unique phenomena of Jewish history.
In times of terrible crisis, God provides singular people who enable the Jewish people to survive. Hillel was such a person. He arrived as a counter-balance to the madman Herod. His strength of character and nobility of spirit was the inspiration of the Jewish people not only of his generation, but of Jews even today 2,000 years later. It was Hillel, not Herod, who reestablished the true Kingdom of the Jews, which is the Kingdom of Torah, of goodness and kindness.
[1] The Talmud (Shabbos) mentions 18 exceptions.
[2] According to other estimates, there were three or four million Jews in the century before the destruction and six million afterward."
www.jewishhistory.org/hillel-and-shammai/
Wer hätte das gedacht! Oder. Wer schrieb die "wahre-re" Geschichte?
PS: Wir sollten uns noch intensiv über die anaragonische Umwäzung unterhalten, die Sie im Prinzip völlig richtig auf 2243 (2242 bis 2244) berechneten. Vor allem wie man zur Reduktion auf 2016 bis 2018 kommt.